Understanding Jihad

Expert religious liberty litigator Luke Goodrich provides a compelling account of the importance of religious liberty in Free to Believe. Goodrich is vice-president and senior counsel at the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, a law firm dedicated to protecting religious liberty for all. His expertise in religious liberty has been developed through litigating some of the most significant religious liberty cases in recent history, making him an ideal author to explain why religious liberty must be protected and how this should be done.

He begins his book with a discussion of the Christian view that God grants individuals the ability to freely choose or reject a relationship with God. Relying on this understanding, Goodrich argues that if even God respects our freedom in religious matters then there is a clear obligation on Christians to respect religious liberty. This understanding, he explains, also supports appropriate limits on government power, as a failure by the state to uphold religious liberty would be an unjust attempt by the government “to invade a realm that belongs only to God” and “a denial of something that every human being deserves—the opportunity to freely embrace or reject relationship with God”.

Although Goodrich has a central focus on persuading Christians why they should defend religious liberty for all, he also addresses why people of every faith and none should support religious liberty. To help overcome the doubts many have about religious liberty Goodrich proposes that religious liberty simply means that “government, within reasonable limits, leaves religion alone as much as possible”. This definition importantly recognises that religious liberty can be limited when its expression is harmful to society. He provides child sacrifice and religious terrorists as obvious examples while recognising that in many other situations knowing when limitations are justified is more difficult.

One of the central reasons Goodrich proposes for why religious liberty should be protected is that it respects the ability of all individuals to reach their own conclusion about the transcendent and to order their lives in accordance with their conclusion. Such protection applies to all people and is not limited to Christianity and other theistic worldviews. The United States Supreme Court and international human rights bodies, for example, clearly affirm that religious liberty protects the beliefs of atheists, such as a conscientious objection to military service grounded in humanist convictions.

Properly limited religious liberty also allows religion to play a central role in producing the virtuous citizens essential for successful democracies and safeguards the extraordinary voluntary contribution that religions make to social welfare. This contribution in the United States was estimated at over $1 trillion a year in a 2016 study conducted by Brian Grim from the Religious Freedom and Business Foundation.

An additional benefit of religious liberty is that it protects individuals who dissent from majority opinion, allowing for the merits of ideas to be continually tested, social diversity to flourish and social conflict to be reduced. It is also closely associated with other fundamental rights such as free speech, freedom of association and freedom of assembly. Government action that violates religious liberty will often violate these other rights, and such actions can make it easier for governments to engage in future rights violations.

Goodrich further observes that a core element of religious liberty is the understanding that the state is not the ultimate source of authority for individuals. This conviction supports important conclusions about the limits of state power such as the view that rights are not gifts of the government that can be granted and removed at the whims of politicians and judges.

After explaining why religious liberty should be supported by all, Goodrich addresses some of the more controversial religious liberty challenges in areas such as free speech, abortion, euthanasia, same-sex relationships and government funding. He notes that many of these challenges have only recently arisen due to major social changes including a widespread rejection of absolute truth, the insistence that abortion and sexual autonomy must be approved by everyone, the decline in religious affiliation and an increase in religious diversity making it harder to accommodate claims for religious liberty.

The book concludes with specific advice to individuals and organisations on how to navigate the threats to religious liberty that lie ahead. Goodrich emphasises the importance of religious organisations having clearly defined objectives, hiring employees who support those objectives, and being clear about their expectations for their employees. He also stresses the need to obtain quality legal advice before conflicts arise and to be politically involved to ensure government respects religious liberty.

Perhaps surprisingly for a lawyer, he urges believers not to be fixated on winning religious liberty conflicts but to focus on being Christ-like, to treat those on the other side of a disagreement with respect and to search for ways, without moral compromise, to amicably resolve religious liberty conflicts.

Free to Believe is an important contribution to the religious liberty debate from one of America’s leading religious liberty attorneys. It is essential reading for anyone interested in how best to address the challenging religious liberty conflicts that will arise in the years ahead.

Free to Believe: The Battle over Religious Liberty in America
by Luke Goodrich
Multnomah, 2019, 288 pages, $15.99

Greg Walsh is a law lecturer at the University of Notre Dame Australia and the author of Religious Schools and Discrimination Law.