ON SEPTEMBER 11, 2001, the world changed. It changed irrevocably for many people throughout the world and for none more so than the citizens of the USA when 3000 innocent civilians were murdered in a terrorist attack on New York and Washington. Within a few days, Prime Minister John Howard, who was then in Washington, invoked the ANZUS treaty. And within a few weeks, the USA, Australia and other nations intervened in Afghanistan to remove the Taliban from power. America’s leaders realised that September 11 was the tipping point of a decade-long period of increasing global terrorist attacks principally, but…