Constructing the World by David J. Chalmers Oxford University Press, 2012, 494 pages, $47.95   David Chalmers is one of Australia’s most distinguished philosophers. His latest book is based on his John Locke Lectures at Oxford in 2010. The invitation to deliver the John Locke Lectures constitutes one of the most coveted awards in Anglophone philosophy. They are often used to address issues that the lecturer considers of more than academic interest. In this case the topic is whether the world is scrutable. Scrutable is not a word in everyday use, not even in the jargon of philosophers. We have…